Lab Report by Yi Lee

Name: Choong Yi Lee  111359

Lab 1 Principles and Use of Microscope

1.1 Setting up and using the microscope

Introduction:  In order to be seen, microorganisms need to be magnified. Despite advances in other area of microscopy (for example, the electron microscope), the light microscope is still the instrument most frequently used for viewing microorganisms.

Objective: Learn to use a simple bright-field microscope correctly.

Results:  

Total magnification = objective lens power x eyepiece lens power(10x)

Typical bacillus
40x  magnification

100x magnification

400x magnification

Discussion on Typical Bacillus

1 The sample specimen is observed under the magnification of 40x, 100x and 400x

2 The light intensity is adjusted to ensure that the sample specimen can be observed clearly.

3 The stage, fine adjustment knob and coarse adjustment knob are also adjusted to get a clear observation of specimen.

Morphology

a) Color- red

b ) Surface- smooth in appearance

c) Shape- irregular in appearance

d) Texture- dry

e) Elevation- flat

Conclusion: The specimen can be seen clearly and obviously under the magnification on 400x. In this experiment, we can conclude that the higher the power of magnification, the clearer the observation and the better result.

Reference: -System Microbiology, Edited by: Brian D. Robertson and Brendan W. Wren

                          -Bacteria Spores, Edited by: Ernesto Abel-Santos

                          -http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/shape/shape.html
                   -http://www.microbiologybytes.com/video/Bacillus.html

1.2 Examination of cells

Introduction:

 Because of their extreme minuteness, bacteria are not generally studied with the lower-power or high power-power dry objectives. Instead they are stained and observed with the oil immersion objective.

 The wet mount methods enables you to study the sizes and shapes of living microorganisms (drying or staining microorganism distort them). It also enables you to determine if cells are motile. The wet mount method is quick and easy, and does not require special equipment.

Objective:
- To provide an experience in the use of microscope.

-To illustrate the diversity of cells and microorganisms.

Results:

1000x magnification of lactobacillus fermentum ( bacillus)

1000x magnification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)

Discussion

1 The oil immersion oil is put on the the top of specimen
2 The power magnification of 1000x is adjusted to view and sticking to the specimen
3 Adjust the fine adjustment knob so that can get a clearer view of the specimen.

Morphology

Lactobacillus:

a)Shape-rods with rounded end
b) Color-yellowish
c) Texture- Moist

d) Size- Small and Tiny

 Saccharomyces cerevisiae:

a) Form in shape- circular/globular
b) Elevation- flat

c) Texture- moist

d) Surface- dull

e) color- violet
f) size- small and tiny rod shape

 Conclusion: The specimen can view very clearly under the power magnification of 1000x. The shape and size of the specimen can be view obviously. In this experiment, we can conclude that using the 1000x of magnification, the results can be view clearly and obviously.

Reference: -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces

                     -http://www.biology.ed.ac.uk/archive/jdeacon/microbes/yeast.htm
                     - http://www.ehow.com/facts_5792238_physical-description-lactobacillus-                 acidophilus.html

                     -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_fermentum

                     -http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/suppl_1/D319.full